Viscose-filament-dyeing process



Dec. 13, 1927. 1,652,832

S. A. NEIDICH VI SCOSE FII JAMBNT DYEING PROCESS Filed March 3. 1926 IA Vf/Y 70R:

301051. A Mia/cu,

Patented Dec. 13, 1927.

UNITED STATES SAMUEL A. NEIDICH, OF EDGEWATEB IPARK, NEW JERSEY.

I VISCOSE-FILAMENT-DYEING PROCESS.-

Application filed March a, 1925. Serial 110.113.

My invention relates to the manufacture of filaments from viscose (cellulose sulphocarbonate or thiocarbonate) and may be employed with particular advantagein the roduction of coarse filaments such as artr cial horse hair.-

Liquid viscose may be coagulated or precipitated to form a gelatinous semi-solid cellulose hydrate complex by progressively extruding a stream of it into a heated atmosphere or into an aqueous solution con taining a suitable acid, for instance, sulphuric or hydrochloric acid, or contaimng an acid salt such as' sodium bi-sulphit or ammonium chloride either with or without neutral salts or 'dehydrators, or both.

Ordinarily, such filaments are dried, and then massed by winding them in skeins or on spools and thereafter dyed by submergmg such dried masses of the filaments in the vats of ordinary dyeing apparatus, and thereafter again dried. Therefore, a very conslderable portion of the cost of such dyed filaments is incident to the numerous manipulations of such masses of filaments including placing them in and removing them fromthe dye vats to drying apparatus, etc. Such driedfilaments are largely used in the millinery trade, in the form of braids, etc. and difiicul ty is experienced in producing the diversified colors required. For instance, the trade chart for the present season includes one hundred twenty distinct colors. Therefore,

if ordinary dyeing apparatus is employed, as

as aforesaid, a large item of the cost is incident to the necessity for thoroughly cleaning such apparatus after it has been used with one color before using it with another. There fore, the ordinary methods and means for dyeing aforesaid not only add a large factor of cost to the aggregate cost of production of the dyed products but materially limit the quantity producible with a given equipment.

Therefore, the object and effect of my invention include the avoidance of the necessity for employing such ordinary dyeing apparatus andrthe cost in labor and time incident to the'employment of the same and to rovide a method and means whereby such laments may be dyed of any desired shade or tint at minimum cost. Ashereinafter de scribed; such advantages are attained by dyeing each filament singly, as fast as it is bein extruded, and before it is initially dri and by running it singly into and out of a mere pan containing an extremely dilute dye liquor, in which the single filament is directed in submerged position by an ordinary pigtail thread guide.

In the form of my invention hereinafter described; the dyeing operation is effected with respect to each single filament immediately before it passes to a drying reel of the character described and claimed in Letters Patent 0f the United States 1,568,686 granted to me January 5, 1926.

My invention includes the various novel feature of-procedure hereinafter more definitely specified.

In said drawings, Fig. I is a diagrammatic end view of my patented filament drying apparatus aforesaid in cooperative relation with a convenient form and arrangement of dyeing means for effecting the dyeing process herein claimed.

Fig. II is a diagrammatic side elevation of the apparatus shown in Fig. I. i

Fig. III is a larger elevation of the dye pan indicated in Fig. I.

Fig. IV is a larger elevation of said dye pan and its appurtenances as indicated in Fig. II, but with a portion thereof in section to show the construction and "arrangement.

In said figures, 1 indicates a single filament of gelatinous semi-solid'cellulose hydrate formed by extruding viscose into a coagulating medium and still moist with the water and other liquid contents of the original viscose and the coagulating medium. Each such filament is directed throu h a guide eye 2 so as to be submerged in a dilute dye liquor 3 which is conveniently contained in a simple rectangular pan 5.

With a filament adapted to form a four hundred fifty denier artificial horse hair, and which when presented to said dye liquor 3 is about twice the diameter that it will be when it is dried, the path in which such filament is submerged in said dye liquor need not be more than six inches long, when the filament is traversing the same at the rate of four hundred yards per minute. Although any suitable dyes may be employed; I prefer to use those of the basic type. With such submergence and rate of traverse of the filament; I find that from one quarter to three grams of dye to five liters of water forms a'dye liquor of adequate strength.

Although the thread guide 2 may be supported in any convenient manner, I prefer to mount it in the shaft 7, which is conven- 'iently formed of wood and journaled in the sides of the pan 5 upon screws Sextendiug through the pan in engagement with said shaft; said screws holding said shaft ii -such frictional en agement with the sidewalls of said an that although it may be rotated b han to turn the guide 2 with its eye above the surface of the liquor to conveniently thread the filament therethrough: said shaft is frictionally detained in any position in which it may be manually set, and is thus held in the position shown, by the heads of said screws exterior to said container.

The dyed filament 1 rising from the pan 5 as above described is arranged to be wound vupon the reel 10, to which it passes over the guide 11 which may be of the specific conential serles of slats 15.

erated continuouslyto dye and d struction described and claimed in my Letters Patent aforesaid, or otherwise: and which is movable back and forth throughout the length of said reel upon which the filament is to be wound. Said reel is conveniently formed of opposite end wheel frames 13 ri idly mounted u on theshaft 14 and rigid y connected b t e circumferaid shaft is so journaled as to be freely rotated by the electric motor 17 which has the pulley 18 driving the belt 19 extending around the distal end wheel fi'ame 13 as indicated in Fig.- I. Said belt 19 also extends around the pulley 21 of the bobbin windin device 22, which may be of the specific c aracter described in my Letters Patent aforesaid, or of any other suitable construction.

The apparatus above described may be opa single filament 1 and to wind the drie filament successively connected with said winding device 22. However,- such -a filament may be wound upon said reel so as to form a mass several inches thick thereon as indicated at 25 in Fig. I and when thus'charged said reel may be continuously rotated until the entire mass of dyed filament is dried. Moreover, a plurality of such filaments 1 may be individually dyed in respective dye pans 5 (in a series of which only the end one shows in Fig. I) and withdrawn thence upon the same reel. In any one of the three cases an essential feature of the operation is that the dye liquor carried by the filament 1 from the an or ans 5 is distributed circentrifu ally with respect to the filament upon rotation of the latter; insuring substantial uniformity in the dyed effect. I find it convenient'to rovide said reel with the brake band 27 w ich extends around one of said wheel frames 13 from its point of attachment on the stationary fixture 28, to the edal 29 by which said brake may be S with more or less friction. ur-

applie the reel, by the thermore, in any of the three cases aforesaid the dyeing operation is effected at the minimum cost for apparatus, time and material; such operation "being effected during the same time heretofore required for producing the initially dried filament, and the means for effecting the same being so simple as to render the cost of changing from one dye color to another practically negligible.

Although I prefer to use, for the process above contemplated, filaments formed of viscose containing about twelve per cent of cellulose, in hydrated form, there are at least four other kinds of colloid filaments to which my invention may be applied, to wit, first, filaments formed from nitro-cellulose by what are known as the Chardonnet methods and means; second, filaments formed from a solution of cellulose in an ammoniacal copper oxide by what is known as the cuprammonium process; third, filaments formed from a. solution of cellulose in zinc chloride; and, fourth, filaments formed from acetic anhydride.

The essential features of my invention are that the dyeing operation is effected upon each colloid filament separately during the rap1d axial progression of that filament through the dye liquor and that the dye liquor is maintained evenly distributed upon eration of which is incident to such axial progression. Therefore, I do not desire to limit myself to the precise details of coin struction, arrangement, or procedure herein set forth, as it is obvious that various modifications may be made therein without deartin from the essential features of my invention as defined in the appended claims. I claim: 1. The process of dyeing a filament of extruded viscose, which consists in axially progressing such a filament, while containing the moisture component of the original viscose and from the medium in which it has been coagulated and before the initial drying thereof, singly through a dye liquor, at

a speed in excess of two hundred and fifty yards per minute; maintaining said filament extended. until dried, and maintaining the dye distributed on said filament by centrifugal force, until it dries.

2. The process of dyeing a filament of i extruded viscose, which consists in axially progressing such a filament, while contain-. ing the, moisture component of the original viscose and from the medium in which it has been coagulated and before the initial drying thereof, singly through a dye liquor,

at a speed in excess of two. hundred and fifty yards per minute; maintainingsaid filament extruded viscose, which consists in axially progressing such a filament, while containing the moisture component of the original viscose and from the medium in which it has been coagulated and before the initial drying thereof, singly through a dye liquor; maintaining said filament extended until dried, and maintaining the dye distributed on said filament by centrifugal force, until it dries.

4. The process of dyeing a filament of extruded colloid, which consists in axially progressing such a filament, while containing the original moisture component thereof and before the initial drying thereof, singly through a dye liquor, at a speed in excess of two hundred and fifty yards per minute; maintaining said filament extended until dried, and maintaining the dye distributed on said filament by movement of said filament, until it dries.

5. The process of dyeing a filament of extruded colloid, which consists in axially progressing such a filament, while containing the original moisture component thereof and before the initial drying thereof, through a dye liquor, at high speed; maintaining said filament extended until dried,

and maintaining the dye distributed on said filament by movement of said filament, until it dries.

6. The process of dyeing a filament of extruded colloid, which consists in axially progressing such a filament, while containing the original moisture component thereof, and before the initial drying thereof, through a dye li uor, at high speed, and maintaining said such motion until it dries, that the dye dries in uniformly distributed position on said filament.

7. The process of dyeing a filament of extruded colloid, which consists in axially progressing such a filament, while containing the original moisture com onent thereof, and before the initial drying t iereof, through a dye.liquor, at high speed, and maintaining said filament extended until it dries.

8. The process of dyeing a filament of extruded colloid, which consists in axially progressing such a filament, while containing the original moisture component thereof, and before the initial drying thereof, through a dye liquor, at high speed, while maintaining said filament individually isolated.

9. The process of dyeing a plurality of filaments of extruded colloid, which consists in separately axially progressing each filament, through a dye liquor, at high speed, while maintaining each filament, individually, singly, laterally separated from other filaments.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto signed my name at Burlington, New Jersey, this twenty-seventh da of January, 1926.

SAM EL A. NEIDICH.

lament extended and in I 

